| Charts & Formulas
Below you
will find charts for determining basic units of -
Units
of Measure
| Basic Units of Length |
|
Basic units of Area |
| 12 inches |
1 foot |
|
144 sq. in. |
1 sq. ft. |
| 3 feet |
1 yard |
|
1296 sq. in. |
1 sq. yd. |
| 1760 yards |
1 statute mile |
|
9 sq. feet |
1 sq. yd. |
| 5280 feet |
1 statute mile |
|
43560 sq. ft. |
1 acre |
| |
|
|
4840 sq. yd. |
1 acre |
| |
|
|
640 acres |
1 sq. mile |
| Area: Acres to sq. feet |
| Acre Fraction |
Acre Decimal |
Square Feet |
| 1/100 |
.01 |
435 |
| 1/10 |
.1 |
4,356 |
| 1/4 |
.25 |
10,890 |
| 1/2 |
.50 |
21,780 |
| 3/4 |
.75 |
32,670 |
| 1 |
1.0 |
43,560 |
| Basic units of cubic measure |
| 1,728 cu. in. |
1 cu. foot |
| 27 cu. ft. |
1 cu. yard |
| Decimal fractions for inches - as a part of 1 foot |
| |
0" |
1/4" |
1/2" |
3/4" |
| 1" |
.083 |
.021 |
.042 |
.063 |
| 2" |
.167 |
.188 |
.208 |
.229 |
| 3" |
.250 |
.271 |
.292 |
.313 |
| 4" |
.333 |
.354 |
.375 |
.396 |
| 5" |
.417 |
.438 |
.458 |
.479 |
| 6" |
.500 |
.521 |
.542 |
.563 |
| 7" |
.583 |
.604 |
.625 |
.646 |
| 8" |
.667 |
.688 |
.708 |
.729 |
| 9" |
.750 |
.771 |
.792 |
.813 |
| 10" |
.833 |
.854 |
.875 |
.896 |
| 11" |
.918 |
.938 |
.958 |
.979 |
| Some formulas require using inches in their decimal fraction. |
| Fractions for whole inches are found under column 0". |
| When determining decimal fraction reading for whole inches plus a fractional part - |
| Find the point where the whole inch reading, intersects with the fractional reading. |
| Example: 1" = .083, 5 1/2" = .458 |
Top Of Page
Units of Volume
| Basic units of cubic measure |
| 1,728 cu. in. |
1 cu. foot |
| 27 cu. ft. |
1 cu. yard |
Formula for determining approx. cu. yds. of mulch needed.
L x W x H (H in decimal fraction) ¸ 27 = cu. yds. of mulch
See chart above for decimal fractions.
| Example: To mulch a bed that is approx . 20' L x 3' W and put down 3" of mulch |
| 20' x 3' x .25 = 50.0 ¸ 27 = .5 cu. yards of mulch needed. |
Formula for determining approx. cu. yds. of soil needed.
L x W x H (H in inches) ¸ 10 ¸ 27 = cu. yds. of soil
| Example: To add soil to an area 20'L x 3'W to a depth (or height) of 3". |
| 20' x 3' x 3" = 180 ¸ 10 ¸ 27 = .66 cu. yds. |
| This soil formula allows for the shrinkage/settling factor of the soil. |
Formula for determining cu. yd. of excavated material
L x W x H (in decimal fraction from below) = cu. yds.
| Example: excavation of an area 10' x 12' x 3' deep |
| 10' x 12' x .111 = 13.32 cu. yds |
| This formula will calculate the volume of excavated materials in a compacted state. |
| However, the volume of an excavated material, such as soil, expands when excavated and will be slightly greater in cu. yd. volume. If the same excavated hole needs to be backfilled, you would have to refer to the formula above, which gives you a greater volume of soil (16 cu.
yds.), but this allows for a shrinkage factor and will give you 13.32 cu.yd. of soil after settling.
|
| Decimal multipliers for excavated material formula |
| Depth inches / feet |
|
| 4" |
.012 |
| 6" |
.018 |
| 10" |
.031 |
| 1' |
.037 |
| 2' |
.074 |
| 3' |
.111 |
| 4' |
.148 |
| 5' |
.185 |
| 6' |
.222 |
| 8' |
.296 |
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Formulas for Determining Area in sq. ft.
Area of a Square or Rectangle L x W = sq. ft.
Length x Width = sq. ft.
Area in cubic feet - L x W x H = cu. ft.
Length x Width x Height (or depth) = cu. ft.
Area of a Triangle .05 x B x H = sq. ft.
.05 x Base x Height = sq. ft.
Area of a Circle p R2 = sq. ft.
p (= 3.14) x Radius - squared In case you forgot - Radius = 1/2 the diameter
Radius squared is the measurement of the radius times itself ( example 24' x 24')
To find the sq. ft. in an irregular shape - Two methods can be used.
Remember, because it is an irregular shape, you will have a margin of error of approx. 5 - 10% depending upon the accuracy of your measurements.
Method 1:
At 10' intervals, measure the length of your shape in perpendicular lines.
Add the total of all the measurements of lengths and multiply by 10.
Equals approx. sq. ft.
Method 2:
Look at your shape. Divide your irregular shape, into smaller, regular shapes.
Determine the measurements of the smaller shapes - and find the sq. ft. of each piece.
Add together all of the total sq. ft. of the smaller shapes to determine the total sq. feet in the large irregular shape.
| Measurements English
/ Metric Conversions |
|
Measurements English / Metric Conversions |
| Inches to Centimeters |
Centimeters to Inches |
|
Feet to Meters |
Meters to Feet |
| 1 = 2.54 |
1 = .3937 |
|
1 = .3048 |
1 = 3.2808 |
| 2 = 5.08 |
2 = .7874 |
|
2 = .6096 |
2 = 6.5616 |
| 3 = 7.62 |
3 = 1.1811 |
|
3 = .9144 |
3 = 9.8425 |
| 4 = 10.16 |
4 = 1.5748 |
|
4 = 1.2192 |
4 = 13.1233 |
| 5 = 12.70 |
5 = 1.9685 |
|
5 = 1.5240 |
5 = 16.4041 |
| 6 = 15.24 |
6 = 2.3622 |
|
6 = 1.8288 |
6 = 19.6850 |
| 7 = 17.78 |
7 = 1.75559 |
|
7 = 2.1336 |
7 = 22.9658 |
| 8 = 20.32 |
8 = 3.1496 |
|
8 = 2.4384 |
8 = 26.2466 |
| 9 = 22.86 |
9 = 3.5433 |
|
9 = 2.7432 |
9 = 29.5275 |
| 10 = 25.40 |
10 = 3.9370 |
|
10 = 3.0480 |
10 = 32.8083 |
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Liquid Measure / Volume
| Liquid Measures |
| 1 teaspoon |
.167 oz. 3 tsp. = 1 Tbs. |
| 1 Tablespoon |
.5 oz. |
| 2 Tablespoon |
1 oz. |
| 16 Tablespoon |
8 oz. or 1 cup |
| |
| 1 pint |
16 oz. |
| 1 quart |
32 oz. |
| 1 gallon |
128 oz. |
| |
| 2 cups |
1 pint |
| 2 pints |
1 quart |
| 4 quarts |
1 gallon |
| Water Measurements |
| 1 US gal. |
231 cu. in. |
.134 cu. ft. |
8.33 lbs. |
| 1 cu. ft. |
7.48 gal. |
|
62.4 lbs. |
| Water capacity of round pools - per 1 foot depth |
|
Water capacity of square pools - per 1 foot depth |
| Diameter of Pool |
Gallons per 1 foot of depth |
|
Diameter of Pool |
Gallons per 1 foot of depth |
| 3' |
52.88 |
|
4' x 4' |
119.68 |
| 4' |
94.00 |
|
5' x 5' |
187.00 |
| 5' |
155.00 |
|
6' x 6' |
269.28 |
| 6' |
211.51 |
|
7' x 7' |
366.52 |
| 7' |
287.88 |
|
8' x 8' |
478.72 |
| 8' |
376.01 |
|
9' x 9' |
605.88 |
| 9' |
475.00 |
|
10' x 10' |
748.00 |
| 10' |
587.52 |
|
12' x 12' |
1,007.12 |
| To determine a capacity other than shown. |
|
To find the capacity of oval or odd shaped pools. |
Find a pool diameter of 1/2 the size needed and multiply its capacity by four.
| Example: The capacity of a 16' pool - 8' is half of 16 376.01 x 4 =1,504.04 gal/ ft |
|
|
Determine the total area of the shape in square feet and multiply by 7.48 to find gallon capacity per foot of depth. |
| |
Top Of Page
PLANT SPACING CHARTS & Misc. Info
| Peat Moss Coverage per 4 cu. ft. compressed bail (loosened) |
| Depth in inches |
Coverage per sq. ft. |
| 1/2" |
345.6 |
| 1" |
86.4 |
| 2" |
43.2 |
| 3" |
28.8 |
| 4" |
21.6 |
| Approx. # Plants per 100 sq. ft. |
| Spacing |
# Plants |
| 6" |
400 |
| 8" |
225 |
| 12" |
100 |
| 18" |
45 |
| 24" |
25 |
| These numbers are useful for determining plants for groundcovers or mass plantings. |
| Spacings are on center measurements, or the distance between each plant. |
# Plants / Trees per acre
| Spacing is between plants & between rows. |
|
| Spacing |
# Plants/acre |
|
Spacing |
# Plants / acre |
| 2' x 2' |
10,890 |
|
6' x 6' |
1,210 |
| 3' x 3' |
4,840 |
|
8' x 8' |
680 |
| 4' x 3' |
3,630 |
|
10' x 10' |
435 |
| 4' x 4' |
2,722 |
|
20' x 20' |
108 |
| 5' x 3' |
2,904 |
|
25' x 25' |
69 |
| 5' x 5' |
1,742 |
|
30' x 30' |
48 |
| Suggested Tree Spacing for Fruit Trees / Orchard |
| Crop |
Spacing between trees |
| Apples |
30' - 35' |
| Apricots |
25' - 30' |
| Cherries (sweet) |
25' - 30' |
| Nectarines |
20' - 25' |
| Peaches |
20' - 25' |
| Pears |
20' - 35' |
| Plums |
20' - 25' |
| Various Spacings of Plants per Acre |
|
| Distance apart plants x rows |
Number of Plants per acre |
| 1’ x 1’ |
43,560 |
| 2’ x 2’ |
10,888 |
| 2 ½’ x 2 ½" |
6,970 |
| 3’ x 3’ |
4,840 |
| 3 ½’ x 3 ½’ |
3,556 |
| 4’ x 4’ |
2,722 |
| 4 ½’ x 4 ½’ |
2,151 |
| 5’ x 5’ |
1,742 |
| 5 ½’ x 5 ½’ |
1,440 |
| 6’ x 6’ |
1,210 |
| 7’ x 7’ |
889 |
| 8’ x 8’ |
680 |
| 9’ x 9’ |
537 |
| 10’ x 10’ |
435 |
| 12’ x 12’ |
302 |
| 15’ x 15’ |
193 |
| 18’ x 18’ |
134 |
| 20’ x 20’ |
108 |
Top Of Page
| Estimated Weights of Soil Balls |
|
|
| Size of Plant Ball |
Diameter |
Estimated Weight |
| 18"-24" |
10" |
30 lbs. |
| 2’-3’ |
12" |
45 lbs. |
| 3’-4’ |
13" |
60 lbs. |
| 4’-5’ |
15" |
75 lbs. |
| 5’-6’ |
16" |
100 lbs. |
| 6’-8’ |
18" |
150 lbs. |
| 1"- 1 ¼" cal. |
18" |
150 lbs. |
| 8’-10’ |
18" |
225 lbs. |
| 1 ¼"- 1 ½" cal. |
21" |
225 lbs. |
| 1 ½"- 1 ¾" cal. |
24" |
300 lbs. |
| 1 ¾"- 2" cal. |
27" |
450 lbs. |
| 2"- 2 ½" cal. |
30" |
650 lbs. |
| |
32" |
800 lbs. |
| 2 ½"- 3" cal. |
36" |
1,200 lbs. |
| 3"- 3 ½" cal. |
40" |
1,600 lbs. |
| |
42" |
1,700 lbs. |
| |
44" |
1,700 lbs. |
| 3 ½"- 4" cal. |
48" |
2,600 lbs. |
| 4"- 4 ½" cal. |
54" |
3,500 lbs. |
| 4 ½"- 5" cal. |
60" |
5,500 lbs. |
| 5"- 6" cal. |
66" |
7,000 lbs. |
| 6"- 7" cal. |
72" |
9,000 lbs. |
| 7"- 8" cal. |
78" |
12,000 lbs. |
| 8"- 9" cal. |
84" |
15,000 lbs. |
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Seed planting guides
| Bedding Plant Guide |
|
|
|
|
| Plant type |
Seeds per oz. |
Germ. Time |
Germ. Temp. |
Growing on temp. |
| Ageratum |
200,000 |
8 days |
70-80 |
60 |
| An. Alyssum |
90,000 |
8 days |
70 |
50-55 |
| Per. Alyssum |
30,000 |
3-4 weeks |
70 |
60 |
| Aquilegia |
15,000 |
3-4 weeks |
70 |
50-60 |
| Asters |
12,000 |
8-10 days |
65-70 |
55 |
| Tuberous-Begonias |
2,000,000 |
15-30 days |
65 |
65 |
| Fibrous-Begonias |
2,000,000 |
2-3 weeks |
70 |
60 |
| Calendula |
3,000 |
10 days |
70 |
50 |
| Campanula |
150,000 |
2-3 weeks |
70 |
|
| An. Candytuft |
9,500 |
8-9 days |
70 |
50 |
| Chrysanthemum |
72,000 |
14-21 days |
60 |
|
| Dahlia |
2,800 |
7-10 days |
75 |
50 |
| Pyrethrum Daisy |
18,500 |
12 days |
60-65 |
55-60 |
| Shasta Daisy |
18,000 |
12 days |
60-65 |
55-60 |
| Gloriosa Daisy |
45,000 |
14 days |
70 |
60 |
| Delphinium |
10,000 |
18 days |
70 |
40-50 |
| Dusty Miller |
90,000 |
7-9 days |
70 |
|
| Foxglove |
10,000 |
10 days |
75 |
grow cool |
| Gallardia |
9,500 |
20 days |
75 |
grow cool |
| Geranium |
6,000 |
14 days |
76 |
62 |
| An. Gypsophilia |
11,000 |
155-600 days |
70-80 |
45-50 |
| Per. Gypsophilia |
25,000 |
10 days |
65 |
50-55 |
| Hollyhock |
6,000 |
10 days |
60 |
55-60 |
| Impatiens |
40-60,000 |
18 days |
58-60 |
55-60 |
| Flw. Kale |
9,000 |
7-12 days |
65-70 |
55 |
| Larkspur |
8,500 |
21 days |
55 |
60-65 |
| Lobelia |
700,000 |
20 days |
70 |
45-50 |
| Marigold |
10,000 |
7 days |
70-75 |
65 |
| Nasturtiums |
200 |
14-21 days |
70 |
60 |
| Nicotiana |
300,000 |
14 days |
70 |
60 |
| Nierembergia |
170,000 |
14-21 days |
80 |
55 |
| Pansy |
20,000 |
10 days |
70 |
45-50 |
| Petunias |
285,000 |
7-10 days |
80 |
50 |
| Phlox |
14,000 |
10 days |
60 |
55 |
| An. Poppy |
15,000 |
7-10 days |
75 |
65 |
| Per. Poppy |
150,000 |
7-10 days |
70 |
|
| Portulaca |
265,000 |
10 days |
70 |
70 |
| Primula |
33,000 |
21 days |
60-65 |
50-55 |
| Russell Lupine |
1,000 |
21-28 days |
60-75 |
55-60 |
| Rudbeckia |
45,000 |
14 days |
70 |
|
| Salvia |
7,500 |
14 days |
70 |
60 |
| Snapdragon |
180,000 |
7-14 days |
70 |
45-50 |
| Statice |
8,000 |
14-20 days |
70 |
60 |
| Stock |
18,700 |
7 days |
65-70 |
50 |
| Strawflower |
45,000 |
7 days |
70 |
60-65 |
| Tritoma |
22,000 |
21-28 days |
65-75 |
|
| Verbena |
10,000 |
14-21 days |
70 |
60 |
| Vinca |
21,000 |
14-21 days |
75-80 |
70-75 |
| Viola |
25,000 |
14-21 days |
65 |
50-55 |
| Zinnia |
2-4,500 |
5 days |
70 |
50 |
| Vegetable Planting Guide |
| Vegetable |
seeds per oz. |
Germ. Temp. |
| Cabbage |
7,500 |
70-80 |
| Cauliflower |
10,000 |
70-80 |
| Broccoli |
10,000 |
70-80 |
| Brussel sprouts |
8,500 |
70-80 |
| Head Lettuce |
20,000 |
60-75 |
| Onion |
9,500 |
65-80 |
| Celery |
70,000 |
60-70 |
| Tomatoes |
10,000 |
70-80 |
| Peppers |
4,500 |
75-85 |
| Eggplant |
6,000 |
75-90 |
| Cucumber |
1,000 |
70-95 |
| Muskmelon |
1,000 |
76-95 |
| Watermelon |
300 |
70-95 |
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Potting
guides
| POTTING GUIDE
No. of pots filled per cu. ft. of media |
| Type |
top size |
depth |
pots filled per cu. ft |
| Standard Round Pot |
2 ¼" |
2 1/16" |
266 |
| |
3" |
2 ¾" |
124 |
| |
4" |
3 7/8" |
50 |
| |
5" |
3 ½" |
27 |
| |
6" |
5 ¾" |
16 |
| |
6 ½" |
5" |
14 |
| |
7" |
5 3/8" |
11 |
| |
8" |
5 7/8" |
7 |
| |
10" |
7 3/8" |
4 |
| Bulb Pans/Pots |
6" |
3 9/16" |
24 |
| |
8" |
4" |
9 |
| |
12" |
6" |
3 |
| Nursery containers/Pots |
4 ½" (quart) |
4 ½" |
30 |
| |
6 ½" (1 gal.) |
6 ½" |
8 |
| |
8 ½" (2 gal.) |
8 ½" |
4.5 |
| |
10 ¼" (3 gal.) |
9 ½" |
3 |
| Hanging baskets |
5 ½" |
4 ¼" |
17 |
| |
7" |
5 ¼" |
12 |
| |
8" |
4 7/8" |
11 |
| |
10" |
6 1/8" |
5 |
| Flats |
11 x 21 x 2 ¼" |
|
3.5 |
| |
|
|
|
Top of page
Chemical
/ Fertilizer Mixing Conversions
| Today, many insecticides, fungicides and other chemical products we
purchase for use on our trees, shrubs, lawns and other plants give
directions on using the product in 100 gallons of water. Not all
applications may require 100 gallon volumes of material and if smaller
amounts are required the following chart should be used to accurately
determine the proper amount needed. |
| 100 gal. |
25 gal. |
12 ½ gal. |
5 gal. |
1 gal. |
| 2 gal. |
2 qt. |
1 qt. |
12 7/8 oz. |
2 ½ oz. |
| 1 gal. |
1 qt. |
1 pt. |
6 ½ oz. |
1 ¼ oz. |
| 2 qts. |
1 pt. |
8 oz. |
3 ¼ oz. |
5/8 oz. |
| 1 qt. |
½ pt. |
4 oz. |
1 9/16 oz. |
5/16 oz. |
| 1 ½ pt. . |
6 oz. |
3 oz. |
1 ¼ oz. |
¼ oz. |
| 1 pt. |
4 oz. |
2 oz. |
7/8 oz. |
3/16 oz. |
| 8 oz. |
2 oz. |
1 oz. |
7/16 oz. |
½ tsp. |
| 4 oz. |
1 oz. |
½ oz. |
¼ oz. |
¼ tsp. |
| Solid Equivalent Chart - Wp
(wetable powders) |
| 100 gal. |
25 gal. |
12 ½ gal. |
5 gal. |
1 gal. |
| 4 oz. |
1 oz. |
½ oz. |
3/16 oz. |
¼ tsp. |
| 8 oz. |
2 oz. |
1 oz. |
3/8 oz. |
½ tsp. |
| 1 lb. |
4 oz. |
2 oz. |
7/8 oz. |
1 tsp. |
| 2 lb. |
8 oz. |
4 oz. |
1 ¾ oz. |
2 tsp. |
| 3 lb. |
12 oz. |
6 oz. |
2 3/8 oz. |
2 2/5 tsp |
| 4 lb. |
1 lb. |
8 oz. |
3 ¼ oz. |
3 4/5 tsp. |
| 5 lb. |
1 ¼ lb. |
12 oz. |
4 oz. |
4 4/5 tsp. |
Let us know if there are other formulas or calculations that you would like to see here.
Remember many of the calculations made from these formulas are only as close, as the accuracy of the original measurements made.
|
